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tumor promotion
Tumor promotion is a process in carcinogenesis by which various factors permit the descendents of a single initiated cell to survive and expand in number, i.e. to resist apoptosis and to undergo clonal growth. This is a step toward tumor progression〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms:Tumor promotion )〕
In order for a tumor cell to survive, it must decrease its expression of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 or the fas receptor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes,and Cancer )〕 A tumor suppressor would trigger an apoptotic pathway in a cancer cell if there were DNA damage, polyploidy, or uncontrolled cell growth.
Simultaneously, tumor cells need to upregulate oncogenes, which promote or cause downstream activation of growth factors and cell survival signals such as (Ras ), Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, VEGF, or Akt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes,and Cancer )〕
==See also==
* Tumor progression
* Phorbol myristate acetate
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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